Is Sleep Apnea Genetic? How It Affects Your Dental Health

Posted On: September 21, 2023

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. These interruptions can last for several seconds and may occur hundreds of times throughout the night. The condition can lead to a range of health problems, including fatigue, high blood pressure, and heart disease. But what causes sleep apnea? Is sleep apnea genetic? And how does it affect your dental health? There are answers to all of these questions, and understanding them will help you know the best course of action if you suspect you or a loved one have sleep apnea.

What is Sleep Apnea?

 There are three main types of sleep apnea: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Central Sleep Apnea (CSA), and Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome. OSA is the most common form and occurs when the muscles in the back of the throat fail to keep the airway open. CSA is less common and occurs when the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome is a combination of OSA and CSA.

Is Sleep Apnea Genetic?

Research has shown that genetics can play a role in the development of sleep apnea. Studies have found that sleep apnea often runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the condition. Specific genes have been linked to sleep apnea, including those that affect the structure of the airway, the control of breathing, and the regulation of sleep. However, genetics is just one piece of the puzzle. While having a family history of sleep apnea may increase your risk, it does not mean that you will definitely develop the condition. 

Other Risk Factors for Sleep Apnea

In addition to genetics, several other risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing sleep apnea. Obesity is a significant risk factor, as excess fat around the neck can narrow the airway and make it more difficult to breathe. A large neck circumference, typically greater than 17 inches for men and 16 inches for women, can also increase the risk of sleep apnea.

Other risk factors include:

• Narrowed Airway: A narrowed airway can be a result of genetic factors or caused by enlarged tonsils or adenoids. This condition can make it more difficult for air to flow through the throat, increasing the risk of sleep apnea. Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional can help identify and address this issue.
• Gender: Men are statistically more likely to develop sleep apnea than women. This difference may be attributed to factors such as body fat distribution, throat anatomy, and hormonal differences. However, it is essential for both men and women to be aware of the symptoms and seek treatment if needed.
• Age: Sleep apnea is more commonly diagnosed in older adults. As people age, the muscles in the throat may become less toned, making it easier for the airway to become blocked. However, sleep apnea can occur at any age, so it’s essential to be vigilant about the symptoms regardless of age.
• Use of Alcohol or Sedatives: Consuming alcohol or sedatives can relax the muscles in the throat, increasing the risk of airway obstruction and sleep apnea. If you have been diagnosed with sleep apnea or are at risk, it’s essential to moderate your consumption of these substances, especially before bedtime.
• Smoking: Smoking can increase inflammation and fluid retention in the airway, making it more difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of sleep apnea. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of sleep apnea and improve overall health.
• Nasal Congestion: Chronic nasal congestion can make it difficult to breathe through the nose, increasing the risk of sleep apnea. If you suffer from nasal congestion, it’s essential to seek treatment to improve airflow and reduce the risk of sleep apnea.
• Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes, can increase the risk of sleep apnea. If you have been diagnosed with any of these conditions, it’s essential to work with your healthcare provider to manage them effectively and reduce the risk of sleep apnea.

How Sleep Apnea Affects Dental Health

Sleep apnea can have a significant impact on dental health. One of the most common dental issues associated with sleep apnea is bruxism, or teeth grinding. Bruxism can lead to tooth wear, fractures, and temporomandibular disorders, impacting the two joints that connect the lower jaw to the skull. Sleep apnea can also cause dry mouth, which can increase the risk of cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. 

How Dentists Can Help with Sleep Apnea

Dentists can play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating sleep apnea. During a dental examination, a dentist may notice signs of sleep apnea, such as tooth wear from bruxism, dry mouth, or TMJ disorders. If sleep apnea is suspected, the dentist may refer the patient to a sleep specialist for further evaluation.

Dentists can also provide treatment for sleep apnea. One of the most common dental treatments for sleep apnea is an oral appliance, also known as a mandibular advancement device. This device is custom-made and fits over the teeth, similar to a mouth guard. It works by repositioning the lower jaw and tongue to keep the airway open. Oral appliances are a good option for patients with mild to moderate sleep apnea who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.

Take Control of Your Sleep Health Today

So is sleep apnea genetic? Research says yes, and if you’re experiencing symptoms or have any of the other risk factors for sleep apnea, it’s time to take action. At Pennington Family Dentistry, we’re here to help you navigate your sleep health journey. Our experienced team can provide you with the guidance and treatment options you need to improve your sleep quality and overall well-being. Don’t wait to prioritize your sleep health. Schedule your consultation with Pennington Family Dentistry today and take the first step towards a healthier, more restful night’s sleep.